{"id":33484,"date":"2026-02-27T11:33:43","date_gmt":"2026-02-27T19:33:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.uwb.edu\/news\/?p=33484"},"modified":"2026-02-27T12:12:26","modified_gmt":"2026-02-27T20:12:26","slug":"exploring-the-geopolitical-landscape-of-a-social-media-giant","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.uwb.edu\/news\/2026\/02\/27\/exploring-the-geopolitical-landscape-of-a-social-media-giant","title":{"rendered":"Exploring the geopolitical landscape of a social media giant\u00a0"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"has-drop-cap\">Humans have fought over resources since the dawn of time. From land and water to gas and minerals, natural resources continue to be common drivers in global conflict and commerce.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Now,&nbsp;in&nbsp;the&nbsp;era of globalized digital platforms, information and communication technologies such as artificial intelligence and social media have joined the fray,&nbsp;said Dr. Min Tang, associate teaching professor in the University of Washington Bothell\u2019s\u202f<a href=\"https:\/\/www.uwb.edu\/ias\/\">School of Interdisciplinary Arts &amp; Sciences<\/a>.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cWhen the internet and information communication technologies became integral to our society and everyday life,\u201d she said, \u201cthey also kind of became these invisible resources for people to fight over.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cIt\u2019s become an important issue in global internet governance \u2014 and even international relations.\u201d&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Digital dissemination of&nbsp;information<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Originally from China, Tang completed her undergraduate degree in broadcasting and television journalism. She then\u00a0spent her early career as a journalist. As the media landscape evolved, she became increasingly interested in how structural issues in the digital industry shape the dissemination of information.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>She moved to the U.S. to explore the issue from an academic perspective. Tang completed a master\u2019s degree in global communication from the University of Southern California and a doctorate in communication from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Now, in her role at UW Bothell, she teaches media communication studies and global studies \u2014 often through the lens of science,\u202ftechnology\u202fand society. Her research as a critical political economy scholar of media and communications focuses on the geopolitics of information.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cI look\u202fat how\u202finformation communication technologies, as sites of capitalist reproduction, power policy negotiation debates and geopolitical rivalries,\u201d Tang said. \u201cI\u2019ve paid a lot of attention to the news between the U.S. and China and taken an interest in the fight over the internet industry that has taken place in recent years.\u201d\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Her&nbsp;recent research&nbsp;paper, \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/17544750.2025.2528825#abstract\">Whose head servant? TikTok\u2019s conundrum between digital capitalism and states,<\/a>\u201d&nbsp;examines&nbsp;TikTok as the latest chapter in this ongoing struggle.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" src=\"https:\/\/www.uwb.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2026\/02\/Min-Tang-1024x683.jpg\" alt=\"A person with a body of water and a mountain behind them.\" class=\"wp-image-33486\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.uwb.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2026\/02\/Min-Tang-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.uwb.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2026\/02\/Min-Tang-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.uwb.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2026\/02\/Min-Tang-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.uwb.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2026\/02\/Min-Tang-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/www.uwb.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2026\/02\/Min-Tang-600x400.jpg 600w, https:\/\/www.uwb.edu\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2026\/02\/Min-Tang.jpg 1500w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Dr. Min Tang. Image courtesy of Tang.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>A heated rivalry&nbsp;across the globe<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Tang chronicled&nbsp;the history of TikTok and its U.S. presence,&nbsp;from when the app first entered the scene in 2016&nbsp;in China and then internationally a year later&nbsp;through the&nbsp;platform gaining&nbsp;popularity in the U.S. in 2018 for its short video content format.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In 2020, it became the most downloaded app in the world \u2014 overtaking Meta platforms Facebook and WhatsApp, which had both held the spot in previous years.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>And this&nbsp;is when, she noted, the U.S. first took a special interest in TikTok.&nbsp;President Donald Trump signed an executive order&nbsp;in&nbsp;August 2020&nbsp;to effectively ban the platform. The parent company ByteDance later sued and won a partial preliminary injunction.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The attempt to ban TikTok was\u202fpurportedly driven\u202fby the company\u2019s alleged ties to the Chinese government and national security concerns about data collection, Tang&nbsp;said,&nbsp;she believes there is another layer to the equation.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cTraditionally, we know that the U.S. tech companies are the definite leader globally in this industry,\u201d she said. \u201cTo some extent, the U.S.-based social media might feel threatened by the rise of TikTok.\u201d&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Throughout the legal and political saga of the attempted and partial bans of TikTok, one question keeps cropping up is: \u201cIs TikTok really a Chinese company?\u201d&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>The identity crisis of a corporation<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>ByteDance, one of the highest valued private companies in the world, is based in Beijing, and\u00a0TikTok CEO Shou Zi Chew said in a U.S. congressional hearing that the company is \u201cglobal,\u201d\u00a0with\u00a0TikTok headquarters in\u00a0both\u00a0Los Angeles and Singapore.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Tang\u2019s&nbsp;research&nbsp;found that this distinction made\u202flittle difference. As she wrote in her paper, \u201cDespite ByteDance\u2019s attempts to downplay Chinese state connections and align with U.S. market and political practices, TikTok\u2019s identity remains contested due to its failure to integrate fully into the U.S. military-digital complex.\u201d&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>She also revealed that in its efforts to \u201cAmericanize,\u201d TikTok has increased its investments in lobbying and public relations over the years, following the \u201cSilicon Valley model\u201d for how U.S. tech companies operate.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Although\u202fTikTok\u202fspent $1.9 million on lobbying efforts in 2024, Tang noted that this still falls remarkably short of Facebook\u2019s $17 million in 2019.&nbsp;\u201cWhen it comes to these state-capital interactions,\u201d she said, \u201cTikTok has no power to compete.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cThese U.S. tech companies like Meta, Google and Microsoft put a lot of money into lobbying and have really close connections and collaborations with the U.S. government,\u201d Tang said.&nbsp;\u201cWhen you compare how much TikTok puts into lobbying, it is dwarfed by those companies.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cWe always think of our system as a kind of capitalist neoliberal free market, but deep down these companies have a lot of contracts with the Department of Defense and other government agencies.\u201d&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-pullquote\"><blockquote><p>&#8220;We always think of our system as a kind of capitalist neoliberal free market, but deep down these companies have a lot of contracts with the Department of Defense and other government agencies.&#8221;<\/p><cite>Dr. Min Tang, associate teaching professor, School of Interdisciplinary Arts &amp; Sciences&nbsp;<\/cite><\/blockquote><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>The latest but not the last<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>In&nbsp;late&nbsp;January&nbsp;2026, ByteDance\u202ffinalized\u202fa deal to hand U.S. operations over to an American investor group \u2014 with majority stakeholders including Oracle, Silver\u202fLake\u202fand MGX \u2014 to avoid a federal ban.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cIt\u2019s not the first time the U.S. government has used its state power to challenge companies from other countries for its own political and economic interests,\u201d Tang said. \u201cThe U.S.-led tech war on China reflects its longstanding aim to dominate the lucrative and strategic tech sector.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cThis TikTok case really highlights and reminds us of the still very important role and the power of the state, in this case the U.S. government, which is a really powerful player in our global digital industry,\u201d she said. \u201cAnd we\u2019re seeing that growing entanglements between capital and the state are reshaping platform globalization.\u201d\u202f&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Dr. Min Tang\u2019s research\u00a0delves into TikTok and its struggle to navigate the intersection of state interests and capitalist expansion.\u00a0<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":121,"featured_media":33485,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_is_archived":false,"_archived_contact_email":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[202,229,253,214],"tags":[455,454,268,262,225],"school":[419],"class_list":["post-33484","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-campus-news","category-faculty","category-global-impact","category-research","tag-china","tag-politics","tag-research","tag-social-media","tag-technology","school-school-of-ias"],"acf":{"related_links":{"toggle_visibility":false,"link_1":"","link_2":"","link_3":"","link_4":"","link_5":""},"highlight_box":{"toggle_visibility":false,"title":"","content":"","button":"","button_style":"angled-purple-button","button_screen_reader_text":""},"contact_type_1":{"toggle_visibility":true,"contact_title":"","email":"","phone":"","box":"","address_line_1":"","address_line_2":"","location":""},"contact_type_2":{"toggle_visibility":false,"contact_title":"","email":"","phone":"","box":"","address_line_1":"","address_line_2":"","location":""},"social_media":{"toggle_visibility":false,"facebook_url":"","instagram_url":"","linkedin_url":"","twitter_url":"","youtube_url":""},"blog_archive_sidebar_visibility":false},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.0 - 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