{"id":24495,"date":"2023-04-21T05:38:00","date_gmt":"2023-04-21T05:38:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.uwb.edu\/news\/?p=24495"},"modified":"2023-09-13T12:53:36","modified_gmt":"2023-09-13T19:53:36","slug":"hip-hop-more-than-music","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.uwb.edu\/news\/2023\/04\/21\/hip-hop-more-than-music","title":{"rendered":"Hip-hop: More than music"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Hip-hop is celebrating its 50-year anniversary in August, and people across the country are reflecting on the impacts the music genre has had over the past five decades. For Dr. Georgia Roberts, however, hip-hop is always at the forefront of her mind \u2014 anniversary or not. Roberts, who is a lecturer at the University of Washington Bothell\u2019s School of Interdisciplinary Arts & Sciences<\/a>, has been listening to and studying hip-hop music since early childhood. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIn some ways, hip-hop provided an alternative history to that written about in textbooks,\u201d she said. \u201cGrowing up, I listened to artists such as Tupac Shakur who rapped about the Black Panthers and Malcom X. We weren\u2019t learning about the Black Panther Party in school, and in the days before the internet, I would go to the library and check out books because of Tupac.\u201d <\/p>\n\n\n\n

As a first-generation college student at University of California, Berkeley in the late 1990s, Roberts remembers writing hip-hop lyrics in the margins of \u201cAllegory of the Cave\u201d by Plato and \u201cInvisible Man\u201d by Ralph Ellison. \u201cFor me, the ideas didn\u2019t come from books and then get represented in songs,\u201d she said. \u201cIt was the other way around: They came from songs, and then I found correlations in books.\u201d <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Now, Roberts has been teaching courses on the history of hip-hop for more than 20 years. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Not surprisingly, the first course she developed as a doctoral student in English was on the books that influenced Tupac. Her classes at UW Bothell emulate the very thing she did as an adolescent, although on a much more intentional level \u2014 putting rap lyrics into conversation with historical texts and finding connections between music, theory and political movements. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

A block party in the Bronx <\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\"\"
Georgia Roberts, lecturer, School of IAS<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

At the start of each hip-hop course, Roberts gives students an overview of the genre, beginning with its origin story. \u201cHip-hop was born in the summer of 1973 at a back-to-school party in the Bronx in New York City,\u201d she said. \u201cBy using two turntables and a mixer to fade between two copies of the same record, DJ Kool Herc extended the breakdown or \u2018break\u2019 of a song. This is one of the key elements in hip-hop music.\u201d <\/p>\n\n\n\n

It wasn\u2019t until six years later that the first hip-hop song was recorded and released, introducing the genre to a wider audience. It quickly gained popularity in mainstream media, and by the 1980s the genre expanded beyond New York. It could be heard on the radio and in clubs in various major cities and by the early 1990s had established itself as a mainstay in popular music. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cMy class is focused on contextualizing some of the thinking that influenced early hip-hop,\u201d Roberts said. \u201cFrom a lyrical perspective, rap demonstrated a nuance in thinking about race, class and gender in the post-Civil Rights moment of the United States. But it also showed how people were beginning to rethink politics as the ultimate horizon for meaningful social change.\u201d <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Roberts said albums such as Tupac\u2019s first release, 2Pacalypse Now (1991), give voice to the concerns that people had about issues such as the war on drugs and its relationship to over-incarceration. \u201c\u2018Trapped,\u2019\u201d was one of Tupac\u2019s first solo songs and highlighted how racial profiling and over-policing in many inner-city neighborhoods was affecting young Black men,\u201d she said. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

A new conversation <\/h2>\n\n\n\n

The class unit on Tupac\u2019s work includes selections from his mother Afeni Shakur\u2019s biography, \u201cEvolution of a Revolutionary\u201d by Jasmine Guy, and from an article from Gwendolyn Pough, titled \u201cSeeds and Legacies,\u201d which explores the relationship between the Black Power movement and Tupac\u2019s work. \u201cPough argues that Tupac became the physical embodiment for the link between the Black Power movement and hip-hop culture, as both are grassroots movements started by young Black people and both worked to disrupt the status quo on varying levels,\u201d Roberts said. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

She asks her students to think about the discourse that was taking place at the time and how hip-hop didn\u2019t just repeat but rather reinvented conversations about over-policing and police brutality. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHip-hop is about having a perspective, about speaking from your social location and trying to address things that matter \u2014 not to speak for other people but to listen and use your voice as part of larger democratic practice,\u201d Roberts said. \u201cI want to encourage students to think about how artists position their arguments and how they support their point-of-view within the lyrics. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cBut at the same time, it\u2019s important to remember that rap is not always a direct reflection of reality,\u201d she said. \u201cIt\u2019s an art form, and like other modes of poetry, it includes many genres \u2014 think allegory, satire, parody and elegy.\u201d <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Music and movements <\/h2>\n\n\n\n

For one of their class assignments, students research where they live in Seattle and use the Seattle Civil Rights and Labor History Project website to learn about the history of the racial covenants in their neighborhoods \u2014 where people could and could not live according to race. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cEarly on in the course, we look at how the construction of the Cross Bronx Expressway in New York in the 1950s shaped the environment of the South Bronx,\u201d Roberts said. \u201cThis assignment is an effort to better understand the history of Seattle, and more specifically, the role that racialized policies played in shaping Seattle\u2019s neighborhoods.\u201d <\/p>\n\n\n\n

The class also listens to songs from local artists such as Draze, who writes about the effects of gentrification in Seattle\u2019s Central District in his song \u201cThe Hood Ain\u2019t the Same.\u201d Select readings from Daudi Abe\u2019s recent book \u201cEmerald Street\u201d show how Seattle hip-hop artists and organizers have addressed concerns over community issues for a long time. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

New perspectives matter <\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Diego Cuevas, a senior studying finance in the School of Business, has lived in South Everett almost his entire life and said learning about the city\u2019s history was eye-opening. \u201cHip-hop was created by people who lived in the ghettos because of racial segregation,\u201d Cuevas said. \u201cIt\u2019s hard to imagine that happening in the neighborhood I live in now, but it did. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cPeople of all different races live here, but that was not always the case. I learned that older neighborhoods in the city of Everett were racially segregated. There was a covenant that stated that \u2018no race or nationality other than the white or Caucasian race shall use or occupy any building on any lot,\u2019\u201d he said. \u201cHearing about the impact of that in the songs we studied and imagining it in the streets I walk in everyday made the class material that much more real and meaningful.\u201d <\/p>\n\n\n\n

It wasn\u2019t just the material that impacted Cuevas; it was Roberts, too. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI actually enrolled in the class in part because Dr. Roberts was teaching it,\u201d Cuevas said. \u201cHer passion makes the subject that much more interesting, and I appreciate that she doesn\u2019t lecture \u2014she invites conversation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cShe makes me feel like my opinions and perspectives matter, and takes them seriously, always asking me what I think and encouraging me to contribute.\u201d <\/p>\n\n\n\n

A momentous milestone <\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While hip-hop is celebrating its 50th anniversary in August, Roberts will be simultaneously celebrating her 20th anniversary of teaching about the genre, and her experiences lead her to think deeply about what this 50-year milestone represents. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe museums and other institutional celebrations of the 50th anniversary of hip-hop are important because they mark a moment of reflection in our larger, collective understanding about the history and trajectory of hip-hop,\u201d Roberts said. \u201cI\u2019m interested how moments of historical framing can also be opportunities to look back and learn new things.\u201d <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Robert said it\u2019s important to assess the progress of social issues that many artists continue to address through the medium of hip-hop, both in the U.S. and globally. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt may have been the case 50 years ago that rap spoke truth to power at a crucial time in history, educating a generation of young people in the process, but where are we now? And where do we want to be 50 years from now?\u201d she asked. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Two ideas in tension <\/h2>\n\n\n\n

What Roberts hopes people take away from the anniversary is similar to what she hopes students take away from the class. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThere are important lessons hip-hop has inherited from the Black radical tradition, especially around speaking truth to power, organizing and creating social networks of care,\u201d Roberts said. \u201cI think part of what makes hip-hop really rich is that, yes, it\u2019s protest music to an extent, but it\u2019s not just that. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHip-hop asks us listen to other people\u2019s perspectives and sit with contradiction, confusion and sadness, knowing that many of the most pressing social questions cannot be immediately resolved,\u201d she said. \u201cHip-hop is about learning to be with the contradictions that we live in, all the things that we\u2019re trying to change or wish could somehow be different.\u201d <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Both personally and as a teacher, Roberts says this tension is important to examine. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe art that I\u2019m drawn to encourages us to be realistic about the inconsistencies and conflicts as they exist right now, but still find ways to study and be together,\u201d she said. \u201cTo hold these two things in constant but productive tension with one another might just be one of the most important things a person can learn.\u201d <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

As hip-hop celebrates its 50th year anniversary, Georgia Roberts celebrates her 20th year teaching courses about the music genre.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":16,"featured_media":25348,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_is_archived":false,"_archived_contact_email":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[202,229,197,204],"tags":[],"school":[419],"class_list":["post-24495","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-campus-news","category-faculty","category-news-releases","category-students","school-school-of-ias"],"acf":{"related_links":{"toggle_visibility":false,"link_1":"","link_2":"","link_3":"","link_4":"","link_5":""},"highlight_box":{"toggle_visibility":false,"title":"","content":"","button":"","button_style":"angled-purple-button","button_screen_reader_text":""},"contact_type_1":{"toggle_visibility":true,"contact_title":"Contact Us","email":"test@uwb.edu","phone":"(206) 999-1234","box":"Box 358500","address_line_1":"18115 Campus Way NE","address_line_2":"Bothell, WA 98011-8246","location":""},"contact_type_2":{"toggle_visibility":false,"contact_title":"","email":"","phone":"","box":"","address_line_1":"","address_line_2":"","location":""},"social_media":{"toggle_visibility":false,"facebook_url":"","instagram_url":"","linkedin_url":"","twitter_url":"","youtube_url":""},"blog_archive_sidebar_visibility":false},"yoast_head":"\nHip-hop: More than music - 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